SQL / LEARNING MAP

SQL Overview

Explore SQL by purpose: DDL, DML, DQL, DCL and TCL. Follow a category to syntax comparisons, then to function arguments and results.

SQL product for linked examples

Explore by purpose

SQL is a language for database structures, reading and changing data, access permissions and transactions. The five categories below organize statements by purpose.

SQLStructured Query Language

DDLData definition

CREATE · ALTER · DROP

Create tables and namespaces
Change or remove structures
Define views, functions and procedures

DMLData manipulation

INSERT · UPDATE · DELETE · MERGE

Insert rows
Update or merge matching rows
Delete rows

DQLQueries and analysis

SELECT · JOIN · GROUP BY · OVER

Choose and combine inputs
Filter rows and groups
Group and aggregate rows
Rank and compare while keeping rows
Transform values
Combine and order results
From function categories to individual functions

DCLAccess control

GRANT · REVOKE

Grant access
Revoke access

TCLTransaction control

BEGIN · COMMIT · ROLLBACK

Begin a transaction
Commit changes
Roll back pending changes